CCPO CIRCULATION is published quarterly. For more information or to receive a printed copy
(with pictures),
via postal mail, contact:
Carole
E. Blett, Editor, at (757) 683-4945 or carole@ccpo.odu.edu.
Summer 1997, Vol. 4, No. 4
Table of Contents
HF RADAR: Is it Ready for Prime Time?
Notes From the Director...
The CCPO Family
Community Outreach
A Birthday Surprise
Alumni News
Puzzler
CCPO Seminar Series: Fall 1997
Student Profile: EDDIE HASKELL
Kris Holderied Wins Tennis Championship
Just the facts . . .
ADK's Words of Wisdom
One of the most exciting developments in oceanography is high frequency
(HF) radar measurements of surface currents. These radars operate in the
10 to 100 meter wavelength band. Most of the ocean's surface wave energy is
in this band. When HF radar illuminates the sea surface, a resonant
backscatter, called Bragg scattering, is observed as reflection from ocean
waves whose wavelength is exactly half of the radar pulse. Bragg scattering
is readily detected in the backscattered radar spectrum. The intensity of
the backscattered signal is related to the ocean wave spectrum and Doppler
shifts of the Bragg scattering peaks are related to surface currents.
Applications of this technology to current observations have received the
most attention in recent years.
HF radar measurements of surface currents require two or more radar sites,
scattering from hundreds of wave crests, and ensemble averaging of scattered
returns. The precision and accuracy of current measurements using this
approach depend on the resolution of the Doppler spectrum, system noise,
geometry of the deployed antennas, and the presence of waves of appropriate
wave length. These factors are not only site specific but may vary in time
at specific locations. Nevertheless, scientists and engineers who work with
this equipment have claimed accuracies of the order of 10 cm/sec with spatial
resolution of order of 2 km or less, depending on the system and site
specific factors. However, the question of precision and spatial resolution
is still open. For example, the Journal of Geophysical Research
(102(C8), 18,737-18,766, 1997) has two articles which give a detailed
comparison of one type of HF radar with conventional measurements.
Although these measurements have been made successfully for over 40 years
and commercial systems are now available, they have never been part of "main
stream" oceanographic measurements. There are many reasons for this.
First, there is a cultural gap between the pioneers of the technology, who
were mostly engineers, and oceanographers who try to use. Also noted above,
it is difficult to quantify the errors and resolution of the measurements.
Also, the systems are expensive and difficult to operate. Finally, since
the horizontal resolution available from HF radar is much finer than
traditional oceanographic measurements, most oceanographers have had little
experience with observing currents and processes on these scales.
Recent developments suggest this situation is changing. Oceanographers at
Oregon State University and the University of Hawaii recently have procured
HF radar systems. This fall, a major experiment involving these radars will
take place in Chesapeake Bay and adjacent coastal waters. Scientists from
the University of Michigan, the University of Miami, the Naval Postgraduate
School, and the Naval Research Laboratory will compare the current measuring
capabilities of three different HF radar systems. It seems then that after
nearly four decades of development, this technology is starting to emerge as
an important measurement tool for oceanographers.
In order to explore methods for using HF radar observations in oceanography,
a workshop was convened at CCPO on July 21-22, 1997. Scientists from Oregon
State University; University of Southern Mississippi; the Naval Postgraduate
School; HydroQual, Inc.; Ocean Physics Research Development; the Office
of Naval Research; and Naval Facilities, Atlantic met at CCPO's
facility, Crittenton Hall, to discuss the scientific and technical issues
related to analyzing HF radar data and blending them with numerical models.
A. D. (Denny) KIRWAN, JR., meeting coordinator and professor at CCPO,
opened the workshop by welcoming participants. He went on to discuss an
operational scenario where HF radar would be used in Rapid Environmmental
Assessment. Jeff Paduan of the Naval Postgraduate School provided a
tutorial on HF radar and discussed a case study of its use in Monterey Bay.
He also provided estimates on both the accuracy and resolution of these
measurements. Denny then gave a short talk on the problems of blending this
high resolution data with numerical models. The central issues are the radar
data may provide a finer solution than most numerical models, but it
generally covers only a portion of the model domain. BRUCE LIPPHARDT, JR.,
research assistant professor, followed this with a discussion of preliminary
results from attempts to blend the Monterey Bay radar and Lagrangian data
from the Louisiana-Texas (LaTex) shelf with numerical models to produce maps
of the surface currents. GLEN WHELESS, research assistant professor, gave a
demonstration of visualization of data and model results from Chesapeake Bay
and the LaTex shelf. Afterwards, Alan Blumberg of HydroQual discussed his
attempt to blend all available data from the New York Bight and the Hudson
River with the HydroQual model. Although this study did not use HF radar
data, it illustrated nicely many of the issues that arise in attempting to
use HF radar data with present generation models. Jim Lewis of Ocean
Physics then described his experiences in assimilating the Monterey Bay HF
radar data with a ``nudging'' technique into a small scale model of the Bay.
A significant finding was that when he attempted to assimilate the data
directly, large spurious horizontal divergences in the data degraded the
assimilated product. However, when the data were first mapped using a
spectral technique developed by CCPO scientists, the divergences were more
realistic. The first day ended with Igor Schulman describing his work on
specifying model radiation boundary conditions, optimization, and connecting
large and small scale models.
CHESTER (Chet) GROSCH, professor at CCPO, led the discussion on the
second day by posing seven issues that arose during the presentations from
the previous day. These are:
-
The need to characterize error/noise bands in the data.
-
The need to extract and use wave information contained in the data.
In some Rapid Environmental Assessment scenarios, the wave spectrum may be
more important than the current data.
-
The basic radar data product is backscatter spectra. These are
affected by temporal and spatial inhomogenities in the wind field. This
suggests temporal/spatial moving averages might be used to advantage.
-
There is a need to establish the role of models and boundary conditions,
especially when they contain coarse scale information over larger regions
than the radar data. How can we include traditional oceanographic data with
model boundary data?
-
There appears to be a need to perform both temporal and spatial
filtering of the HF radar data. Here the approach described by Bruce
Lipphardt may be useful.
-
There is a need to perform sensitivity tests for spectral fitting of the data.
HF radar data will have scales that are incommensurate with many
models. Is this good or bad? If good, how can we take advantage of this?
If bad, how do we overcome this problem?
Following this, there was a general discussion of the advantages and
disadvantages of various analysis methods and assimilation strategies. Manny
Fiaderio of the Office of Naval Research summed this all up by reminding
everyone of George Veronis's law: "Do not assimilate data into a model that
the model cannot simulate."
DENNY KIRWAN'S article on HF radar for sensing surface currents makes
us realize just how much progress we have made in the past few decades. I
am just old enough to have known oceanographers who really used the Ekman
current meter like the one displayed at CCPO. For you younger
oceanographers, the Ekman meter dropped small balls in bins situated on a
compass at the rate proportional to the current speed. By counting the
number of balls in each bin and knowing the time interval, one obtained
current direction and speed information. While those meters were elegant in
workmanship, the information produced was valuable at the time but very
limited.
Now with HF radar, we have the prospect of routinely measuring surface
currents over wide areas at spatial lengths and temporal frequencies that
are well within our requirements. While the application to physical
oceanography is clear as is the application to military and port operations,
I think the real breakthrough may be when we combine this type of
information with the difficult problems of fisheres recruitment and
multi-disciplinary problems.
It seems that it would be wise to get some of these systems installed
semi-prermanently at several locations around the world where the data can
be demonstrated, used, and turned into information that can be used by a
wide variety of users. It seems clear to me that we are only beginning to
see the great potential for this technology.
Larry P. Atkinson
Director, Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography
Pictured are: First row (l-r): Mike Fougerousse, John
Holdzkom, Lisa Varner, Beverly Scott, Kris Holderied, Cathy Lascara, Glen
Wheless; Second row (l-r): Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, Lisa Ayers,
Carole Blett, Lou Codispoti, Julie Morgan, Marjy Friedrichs, Tonya Clayton;
Third row (l-r): Kou-Chuin Wong, Lorraine Heilman, Kate Bosley,
Cristobal Reyes, James Koziana, Larry Atkinson, Shelly Paraso, Bettina Fach,
Chester Grosch, Ricardo Locarnini, Kurt Clemente; Back row (l-r):
Steve Gaurin, Jun She, David Ruble, Denny Kirwan, Glenn Cota, Tom Royer,
Bruce Lipphardt, Vince Kelly, Chunyan Li.
CCPO family members who where absent on CCPO picture day include:
Eddie Haskell, Heather Haskell, Eileen Hofmann, John Klinck, Gary Magnuson,
David Smith, Elizabeth Smith, Warren Taylor, and Anne West-Valle.
Students Visit from Millersville University, Pennsylvania
Students attending a course in biological oceanography at the Marine Science
Consortium (Wallops Island, VA) took time out from their busy schedule to
visit CCPO for several hours on June 23, 1997. The class, taught by Dr.
Julie Ambler of Millersville University, comprised of 13 students from
four Pennsylvania state universities. CATHY LASCARA, CCPO assistant
research professor, spoke with the class concerning several research
projects underway at CCPO which focus on physical and biological
interactions in the Chesapeake Bay. The group also received a demonstration
of water-level nowcast predictions for Chesapeake Bay by KATE BOSLEY,
a NOAA research scientist at CCPO.
Of course, no visit to CCPO is complete without a tour of the Virtual
Environments Laboratory. The students thoroughly enjoyed their ``interactive
immersion'' into the Chesapeake Bay Virtual Environment (CBVE), where they
experienced, firsthand, the effects of winds, tides, and freshwater
discharge on the circulation of the lower Bay. The CBVE application,
developed by GLEN WHELESS and CATHY LASCARA, embraces the
virtual world paradigm as a new means of environmental information
processing in which visualizations are projected using high-resolution,
large-screen, stereographic computer display systems.
Based on the enthusiastic response of the class, it is apparent that the
integration of Virtual Reality (VR) technology with oceanographic
applications provides a powerful outreach tool.
Students Visit from Bloomsburg State College, Pennsylvania
On August 4, 1997, Dr. Cynthia Venn of Bloomsburg State College visited
CCPO and the Department of Oceanography with 11 students from her wetlands
ecology course. This course is taught at the Marine Sciences Consortium
(supported by several Pennsylvania colleges) at Wallops Island.
The visit was at the invitiation of LOUIS (Lou) CODISPOTI, CCPO
research professor, who had given a lecture at Wallops the previous week.
Lou gave the students an overview of CCPO and then put the students in the
capable hands of CATHY LASCARA, research assistant professor, and
VINCE KELLY, graduate research assistant. Cathy gave a well-received
demonstration of the "ImmersaDesk," and Vince took the students on a tour of
the Department Oceanography and of the new Oceanography Building. While at
the Department, DAVE BURDIGE, associate professor of the Department of
Oceanography, met with the students to tell them about his research and
about opportunities for graduate study in marine sciences at Old Dominion
University.
LOU CODISPOTI surprised LARRY ATKINSON on Larry's 56th
birthday, August 6, 1997. Lou and his wife, Codie, arranged to have 50
flamingos planted on Larry's front lawn at 4:00 the morning of his
birthday. When Larry went outdoors to get the morning newspaper at 6:00, he
found he had acquired 50 new lawn ornaments. Way to go, Lou and Codie! Nice
PJs, Larry.
CCPO's primary goal is to provide education,
training, and experience necessary to prepare students for achieving their
prospective career and research aspirations. CCPO takes great pride in its
students, and that pride extends beyond graduation when alumni embrace a
life outside of graduate school. Below is a brief summary of a few of our
alumni since the inception of CCPO in 1991. These summaries show how alumni
have applied the knowledge and skills they gained during their undergraduate
and graduate studies and are already facing challenges, fulfilling goals,
and reaping professional rewards.
Margaret Dekshenieks, 1996
After receiving her Ph.D., Margaret Dekshenieks began a postdoctoral
position at the University of Rhode Island's Graduate School of Oceanography.
This position provides Margaret with a myriad of research opportunities.
First, field efforts are focused in two separate marine environments. In a
fjord system in the San Juan Island chain, Margaret and colleagues are
investigating the biological and physical processes determining thin
phytoplankton layer formation, and, on Georges Bank, they are working
on a project designed to investigate the correlation between the
fluorescence of aquatic humic substances and zooplankton abundance.
Second, in the field of programming and data analysis, Margaret developed
several programs which automate the data analysis process. Upon returning
from field studies, the raw data from instruments (which measure both
biological and physical properties (ADCP, ac9, aa9, CTD, SAFIRE etc.)) can
be immediately and efficiently merged and post-processed by these
programs. Finally, data sets collected by Margaret and her
group, both in the field and in associated laboratory studies, are unique
and can be used as a basis for modeling studies. Margaret has developed
particle transport models based on the physical and biological data derived
from the fjord study. Additionally, she is in the process of developing a
physiologically-based model, which calculates the effects of variations in
turbulence on phytoplankton abundance.
Dorlisa Hommel, 1992
Dorlisa (Lisa) Hommel has had the good fortune to have had three very
different employment opportunities, all in the Washington, D.C. area, and
all working with great people. The first was helping to develop a
world-class oceanographic database at NOAA/NESDIS/NODC in Dupont Circle
(which Lisa says is a great area of D.C. to work or play). Her second
employment opportunity was at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), where she
was introduced to Synthetic Aperature Radar as a means of studying the
coastal ocean by working with images of the Gulf of Mexico. Lisa now works
for NOAA/NESDIS in beautiful scenic Suitland, MD. She is currently working
with near-real time weather data operating system from TIROS satellites.
William Indest, 1992
William (Bill) Indest is currently a systems engineer at Objectivity,
Inc., an object-database software vendor based in Mountain View, CA. His
first home brewing experience helped decorate the basement walls with hoppy
stout. His daughter, Camille, and wife, Marci, are eagerly anticipating an
addition to the family in November. His family still allows him a set of
keys to their Fairfax, VA domicle.
Ajoy Kumar, 1995
Ajoy Kumar is a postdoctoral associate with the Remote Sensing
Group at Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS),
University of Miami. His research involves the analysis and improvement of
retrieval algorithm from satellite-derived sea surface temperature. Ajoy
said he "enjoys the work and association with a close knit of well
experienced scientists." He also likes living in Miami because of the
variety of people and cultures from various parts of the world, especially
from Latin America, and the beautiful beaches. Miami's sunny and hot
climate reminds Ajoy of his home country, India. Last December, he went to
India to get married. His wife, Vrinda, is also from India, and she
recently arrived in the U.S. to live with Ajoy.
Bruce L. Lipphardt, Jr., 1995
Since receiving his Ph.D. in 1995, Bruce Lipphardt, Jr. stayed at CCPO
doing postdoctoral research and collaborating with A. D. Kirwan, Jr.
and C. E. Grosch. Since completing his dissertation, Bruce has
worked on developing a method for merging oceanographic data from a variety
of sources, including both observations and models. This method can be used
to produce maps of scalar fields (like temperature) or vector fields (like
ocean currents). In addition, the method provides a useful basis for
assimilating ocean observations from disparate sources into numerical
models. Bruce also enjoys mountain biking, and he is restoring a 1972
Corvette convertible. Someday he may even drive it.
Julie McClean, 1993
Julie McClean is a research assistant professor in the
Oceanography Department at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS),
Monterey, CA. She has been at NPS since graduating from ODU, first as a
postdoctoral researcher, and then in her current position to which she was
promoted in August 1995. She is part of a team (NPS, LANL, NCAR) funded by
the DOE/CHAMMP program to develop high resolution ocean models for climate
studies. Her contribution to this effort is to use many different types of
data to verify model behavior and physics. In addition, Julie is the PI of
an NSF grant comparing high resolution ocean models with WOCE data, and she
is a co-PI on a NASA grant with a goal of using a combination of data and
models to understand seasonal to decadal climate changes. Julie was married
in 1994 and lives in Monterey with her husband, Toby, stepson Nathan, and
Zack, a black Labrador.
John Moisan, 1993
John Moisan is currently in his fifth year as a postdoc in the
Physical Oceanography Research Division at the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography. While there, he has been working with both Drs. Peter Niiler
(SIO) and Mark Abbott (Oregon State University (OSU)) on modeling both the
upper ocean's heat budget and biogeochemistry. John has also been working
with another CCPO alumna, Yvette Spitz, (now at OSU) to model the JGOFS
time-series data sets. John's wife, Tiffany, who is an ODU Department of
Oceanography alumna (M.S.), has just passed her Ph.D. qualifying exams in
Marine Biology at Scripps. At the start of 1998, both John and Tiffany will
be moving to Southampton, New York, where John will begin his new position
as assistant professor of physical oceanography at Long Island University.
A large moving van will be needed, as both Tiffany and John have amassed a
large collection of tropical plants and orchids during their stay in
California. They will be making their move back east with their terrapin
turtle, "Terrie," and their two cats.
Caitlin Mullen, 1994
Caitlin (Cass) Mullen is currently a member of the research staff of
Arete Associates in Crystal City, VA as a physical oceanographer. Arete
is a Navy government contractor which conducts research in the oceans. Some
of Cass's work has involved the analyses and comparison of
TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data with in situ buoy data and the analyses and
processing of all ADCP data collected from field experiments. She is also a
member of the Field Experiment Team, which includes Arete's Dive and Data
Analyses Teams. Cass enjoys the research and challenge of her employment at
Arete; however, she has unspeakable comments regarding the commute to work
from her home in Annapolis, MD every morning at 0530. She is the head coach
of the United States Naval Academy's Women's Softball team and continues to
jog everyday. In 1996, Cass was a NASA Astronaut Candidate Finalist. She
will continue to pursue her dream of becoming an astronaut.
Andry Ratsimandresy, 1994
Immediately after graduating with a Master's degree from ODU, Andry
Ratsimandresy went back to his country of origin, Madagascar, to visit his
parents before beginning his Ph.D. studies. He spent one month in
Madagascar having a good time with his family, and, at the same time, he
spent some time visiting the coast and talking to people involved in marine
research, especially those in fisheries and physical oceanography. This
increased his interest and goals of finding future funding for a
project on physical oceanography around the island. Andry is now pursuing
his Ph.D. in physical oceanography at the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran
Canaria, Spain. His research assistantship is with a physical oceanography
participating in an European Union funded research project. In
addition to his assistantship and working on his research thesis, he is the
assistant computer manager responsible for data processing and the project
cruise database. Andry says his work is very interesting, as "we are now
having oceanographical cruises almost every 1-1/2 months. During those
cruises, we get data from XBT, CTD, and ADCP."
Yvette Spitz, 1995
Yvette Spitz is currently at Oregon State University,
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences as a research associate
(postdoctorate). She is working under the direction of Mark Abbott
on parameter estimation for physical-biological models using the variational
adjoint method. Additionally, she is developing a physical-biological
model for the Southern Ocean, and she is involved in a five-year project
with two universities and the Ministry in Belgium to study the
eutrophication in the North Sea. Yvette is getting ready to start a project
with John Allen, also of Oregon State, on Circulation and Ecosystem modeling
for the Oregon Shelf in the framework of COOP/GLOBEC. In Yvette's spare
time, she enjoys horseback riding on the scenic Oregon trails.
The purpose of the Puzzler is to record thought-provoking
questions and problems that have appeared on comprehensive, qualifying,
and candidacy exams. Readers are encouraged to submit their own favorites,
as well as to attempt to answer all questions. All communications should
be directed to: wizzard@ccpo.odu.edu. Wizzard will acknowledge
the sources of all questions/problems used and will publish selected
thought-provoking (not necessarily correct) answers to previous submissions.
The first puzzler question, Question 97.1 was introduced
in the last issue of CCPO CIRCULATION (Vol. 4, No. 3). Wizzard will
first answer Question 97.1 before posing Question 97.2 to the reader.
Answer to Question 97.1: The elastic energy stored in the
spring is ultimately converted to heat when acid is released into the box.
Wizzard assigns a grade of A+ to wayne@kai.com, who also noted correctly that
light (photons) can be generated as well. wayne also is reminded that it is
rude to correct the spelling of a family name just to make it conform to the
common noun, "wizard." Wizzard also assigns a grade of A to
smichael@tec.army.mil. smichael is advised to submit answers promptly as no
credit is given for late answers.
Wizzard assigns a grade of B+ to lou@ccpo.odu.edu, who got the
right answer but then added that entropy would not be affected. Wizzard
suggests that the dissolved compressed spring has higher entropy production
than does the dissolved umcompressed spring.
Question 97.2 is a problem submitted by
Benoit.Cushman-Roisin@Dartmouth.edu. A similar question was also posed by
Professor R. O. Reid during A. D. Kirwan's oral candidacy exam.
Question 97.2: Consider a stably stratified ocean at rest and let
molecular diffusion run its course until the ocean has a uniform
temperature. The potential energy of the final state is not the same as the
initial stratified state. Is it greater or less, and where did the
potential energy come from or go to?
During the academic year, CCPO invites several distinguished scientists to
prese
nt
seminars on topics related to coastal oceanography. The lectures take place
in
Room
109, Crittenton Hall, Old Dominion University on Mondays at 3:30 p.m.
Eileen
Hofmann,
professor of oceanography, coordinates the lecture series with the
assistance of
Beverly Scott, office services specialist. Below is a schedule of
lectu
res
for the fall semester 1997. For more information or to be included on the
maili
ng
list for lecture announcements, please contact Beverly at (757) 683-4945 or
beverly@ccpo.odu.edu.
Specific lecture topics are announced one week prior to each lecture.
|
Date |
Lecturer |
Institute |
| September 8, 1997 |
Eileen Hofmann |
Center for Coastal Physical
Oceanography |
| September 15, 1997 |
Grant Gross |
Chesapeake Research Consortium |
| September 22, 1997 |
A. D. Kirwan, Jr. |
Center for Coastal Physical
Oceanography |
| September 29, 1997 |
Robert Diaz |
Virginia Institute of Marine
Science |
| October 6, 1997 |
Joan Cleveland |
Office of Naval Research |
| October 13, 1997 |
Ricardo Locarnini |
Center for Coastal Physical
Oceanography |
| October 20, 1997 |
Richard Barber |
Duke University Marine
Laboratory |
| October 27, 1997 |
Paul Bissett |
Naval Research Laboratory |
| November 3, 1997 |
Eddie Haskell |
Center for Coastal Physical
Oceanography |
| November 10, 1997 |
Jim O'Donnell |
University of Connecticut |
| November 17, 1997 |
Mike Fogarty |
Chesapeake Biological
Laboratory |
| November 24, 1997 |
Charles Hopkinson |
Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
|
A. G. EDWARD HASKELL graduated summa cum laude with a B.S.
in marine science from Long Island University (LIU) in 1994. During Eddie's
junior year at LIU, he spent 10 weeks aboard a 125' gaff rigged schooner
during the school's SEAmester program. He followed that with a tropical
marine biology class that took him to Tonga and Fiji. From there, Eddie
spent four months in an internship at the Australian Institute of Marine
Science, studying the genetic variability of corals. The research in
Australia resulted in Eddie's first publication.
After receiving his B.S., Eddie spent a year working as an analytical
chemist before matriculating to ODU as a non-thesis master's student
under the guidance of Fred Dobbs, assistant professor of the
Department of Oceanography. Eddie spent the summer following his first year
at ODU working for Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, assistant professor,
and Lou Codispoti, research professor, performing computer data
analysis. Eddie enjoyed working on the computers so much that he decided to
alter course and work on a thesis with Professor Eileen Hofmann.
Eddie's studies involve using a time-dependent biological model to
investigate the interactions of phytoplankton, copepod, and doliolid
populations associated with Gulf Stream bottom intrusion features on the
outer southeastern U.S. continental shelf.
During the previous school year, Eddie not only had his classes and
research to occupy his time but he was also president of the
Oceanography Graduate Student Organization, a substitute teaching
assistant, and he worked on projects that will hopefully result
in his next two publications.
Eddie's other interests focus heavily on outdoor activities including,
but not limited to: rock climbing, hiking, biking, skiing, and
camping. After graduation, Eddie intends to continue his education by
pursuing his doctorate at the University of Rhode Island.
Congratulations to graduate student, KRIS HOLDERIED (pictured to the
right). Last month,
Kris won the Old Dominion University Summer Intramural Singles for Women
Tennis championship. Go Kris!
Appointments
E. E. HOFMANN, Editorial Board of Journal of Marine Research.
Grants/Contracts Awarded
G. F. COTA, "Labrador Sea Validation Cruise in Support of
OCTS/SIMBIOS," $40,000, NASA.
E. A. SMITH, "Studying the Earth's Environment from Space:
Classroom and Laboratory Activities with Instructor Resources," NASA
Mission to Planet Earth," $83,990, co-PI is LCDR M. Alfultis, United
States Coast Guard Academy.
Presentations
G. F. COTA, "Remote Sensing of Ocean Color in the Arctic:
Algorithm Development Validation," First SIMBIOS Science Team Meeting,
Solomons, MD, August 6-8, 1997.
G. F. COTA and W. T. Sturges, University of East Anglia,
Norwich, England, "Biogenic Bromine Production and Tropospheric
Ozone Depletion in the Arctic," Arctic System Science, Ocean-Atmosphere-Ice
Interactions meeting, Virginia Beach, VA, May 8-10, 1997.
S. Sathyendranath and T. Platt, both of Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
Nova Scotia; G. F. COTA, V. Stuart, Bedford Institute of
Oceanography, Nova Scotia; and G. A. Borstad, Borstad
Associates Ltd., "Modelling and Interpreting Ocean-Colour Data," First
Workshop on MOS-IRS and Ocean Colour, DLR Institute of Space Sensor
Technology, Berlin, Germany, April 24-30, 1997.
M. A. M. FRIEDRICHS, "Physical Control of Biological
Processes in the Equatorial Pacific," Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
COFDL Seminar Series, Woods Hole, MA, June 13, 1997.
M. A. M. FRIEDRICHS, "Physical Control of Phytoplankton
Biomass and Primary Production in the Central Equatorial Pacific: An
Ecosystem Modeling Study," JGOFS Steering Committee Meeting, Williamsburg,
VA, June 18, 1997.
M. A. M. FRIEDRICHS and E. E. Hofmann, "A Data
Assimilative Ecosystem Model of the Equatorial Pacific,'' U. S. JGOFS SMP
Workshop, Snowbird, UT, July 29, 1997.
J. M. KLINCK, E. E. Hofmann, D. A. Smith,
and C. M. Lascara, "Hydrography, Heat and Salt Budgets on the West
Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf," the Gordon Research Conference on
Coastal Ocean Circulation, New London, NH, June 15-19, 1997.
A. VALLE-LEVINSON, K.-C. Wong, University of Delaware, and
K. M. M. Lwiza, SUNY at Stony Brook, "Fortnightly Variability in the
Transverse Structure of the Salinity and Flow Fields in a Coastal Plain
Estuary," the Gordon Research Conference on Coastal Ocean Circulation, New
London, NH, June 15-19, 1997.
Publications
A. H. Devol, University of Washington; L. A. CODISPOTI;
and J. P. Christensen, Ocean Associates, "Summer and Winter
Denitrification Rates in Western Arctic Shelf Sediments," Continental
Shelf Research, 17(9), 1,029-1,050, 1997.
G. F. COTA and W. T. Sturges, University of East Anglia,
United Kingdom, "Biogenic Bromine Production in the Arctic," Marine
Chemistry, 56, 181-192, 1997.
C. E. GROSCH, J. M. Seiner, NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton, VA; M. Y. Hussaini, Florida State University; and T. L. Jackson,
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, ``Numerical Simulation of Mixing
Enhancement in a Hot Supersonic Jet," Physics of Fluids, 9(4), April
1997.
A. D. KIRWAN, JR., R. P. Mied, Naval Research Laboratory,
and B. L. LIPPHARDT, JR., "Rotating Modons Over Isolated Topography
in a Two-Layer Ocean," Z. angew. Math. Phys., 48, 535-570, 1997.
"I am never content until I have constructed a model of the subject I am
studying. If I succeed in making a model, I understand; otherwise I do
not."
Quoted by: Lord Kelvin
Contributed by Alejandro Souza, University of Wales. Dr. Souza was
inspired to send us Lod Kelvin's quote after reading Larry Atkinson's quote
of Mellor from Notes from the Director in the last issue of CCPO
Circulation (Vol. 4, No. 3).
It is not uncommon to see a scene like this at CCPO. Here Denny
Kirwan is walking on the floating dock located behind CCPO's waterfront
facility. On this beautiful summer day, it is obvious that Denny is in deep
thought. Sometimes we wonder what he is thinking. Is he
pondering his next words of wisdom or is he thinking about how he is going
to apply HF radar to his research? Maybe he is trying to figure out
how to keep his dog, Roxanne, from chasing the neighborhood cat. Whatever
it is, one hopes that he doesn't get distracted and slip off the dock into
the water.
CCPO CIRCULATION staff:
Editor and Design Editor.......Carole E. Blett
Technical Editor ..............Julie R. Morgan
Distribution Manager ..........Beverly K. Scott
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