Ice
(0.5 - 2 m thick)
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
0
20
50
100
150
200
Chl-a (ng/L)
Text Box: Depth (m)
Depth (m)
Bottom 5cm
Open ocean : ~ 100 ng/L
Coastal & upwelling: > 1ug/L
300
winter
 fall
Importance of sea-ice for frucilia
Provide habitat including  food, and avoidance of predation not present in other region.
Larval krill under the sea-ice